- “Hi! I'm Troy McClure! You may remember me from such [films, TV shows, dates] as...”
- ―McClure's intro
Trodden "Troy" McClure is a cheesy B-movie actor who had fallen on hard times. He was often seen shilling for shoddy products or hosting questionable shows. He appeared from Season 2 until Season 10. Since then, Troy along with two other Phil Hartman characters were retired due to his death.
Biography[]
McClure was a stereotypical Hollywood has-been, reduced to appearing in low quality films and television presenting jobs. During the early seventies he had a highly successful acting career, but it had since become worse.[1] He often appeared in short video clips seen on television or in a public place. He often was shown presenting educational videos[2][3] and infomercials.[4] When introducing anything that he does, McClure lists projects that he has previously done with the phrase "Hi, I'm Troy McClure. You may remember me from such [films, educational videos, voice overs, etc.] as..." and will mention two or three titles of a similar subject to that of the current performance he is giving.
McClure's career went downhill due to his reported unusual paraphilia, which apparently involved fish, to the point where he had not worked in twelve years. To cover this up, he began a relationship with Selma Bouvier, whom he had met when she gave him an eye test at the Department of Motor Vehicles. This revived his career, leading him to star in Stop the Planet of the Apes, I Want to Get Off!, a musical version of the film Planet of the Apes. To further revive his career, McClure's agent suggested that he marry Selma, a proposal which she accepted. At his bachelor party, a drunken McClure told Homer Simpson that the marriage is just a sham to help his career. At the wedding, an unknowing Selma married Troy. She eventually discovered that their marriage was a sham and, although she accepted it, she drew the line when McClure's agent suggested that the pair have a child. As "all the big parts these days are going to family men", having a child would have secured McClure's casting as McBain's sidekick in McBain IV: Fatal Discharge. Having rejected his offer, Selma left McClure. As a result, McClure starred in his own independent film The Contrabulous Fabtraption of Professor Horatio Hufnagel.[5]
In addition to his appearances within episodes, McClure presented the episodes "The Simpsons 138th Episode Spectacular" and "The Simpsons Spin-Off Showcase". The first is a behind the scenes look at The Simpsons, answering questions and featuring extra "never before seen" material.[6] The second is an episode presenting three possible spin-offs from The Simpsons.[7] Troy made his last speaking appearance in the Season 10 episode "Bart the Mother".
Creation[]
McClure was based on the typical "washed up" Hollywood actor, with inspiration for his character and name being drawn from B-movie actors Troy Donahue and Doug McClure.[8] Mike Reiss later met Doug McClure's daughter who revealed that her father had found the homage funny and McClure's children would call their father Troy McClure when his back was turned. Phil Hartman was cast in the role due to his ability to pull "the maximum amount of humor" out of any line he was given,[8] and McClure's visual appearance is similar to that of Hartman himself.[9] McClure drives a 1981 De Lorean DMC-12. McClure lives in his home, resembling the one from the movie 'Body Double', [1]in the upscale residential area of "Springfield Heights", which is also resided by Mob boss "Fat" Tony D'Amico and entertainer Krusty the Clown.
Development[]
McClure's character is developed in "A Fish Called Selma", when a more in-depth look into his private life is shown. The episode is the only one in the entire run of the series that shows true emotion from Troy McClure.[1] It is hinted that he has Ichthyophilia, sexual desires for fish.[1] Show runners Bill Oakley and Josh Weinstein were big fans of Phil Hartman, and wished to make an episode entirely about McClure in order to give him as much to do as possible. From this came the idea of him marrying Selma Bouvier, as she was "always marrying people".[1] Having Troy McClure as the star of the episode pleased Animator Mark Kirkland, as he found McClure's voice great to animate to, allowing him and other animators to "open him up visually as a character".[1] It is hinted throughout the course of the episode that he has strange sexual behavior. Throughout the production of the episode, the writers did not know what the "unsavory" sexual preference was. They decided on a fish fetish, an idea James L. Brooks suggested as it was "so perverted and strange, it was over the top".[1] McClure's apparent fish fetish was mentioned by The Guardian in their article about a Swiss scientist's discovery that sticklebacks ejaculate more sperm after they have seen images of fish flirting.[10]
Retirement[]
Phil Hartman was murdered by his wife Brynn before taking her own life on May 28, 1998.[11] Rather than replace Hartman with a new voice actor, the production staff retired McClure, along with Hartman's other characters Lionel Hutz, and Billy often in his films from the show.[8] He last appeared in the season ten episode "Bart the Mother". Before his death, Phil Hartman had often expressed an interest in starring in a live action film about McClure, with several of the show's writers wanting to help make it.[12] Josh Weinstein stated that the plot of "A Fish Called Selma" could have worked well as a live action film.[1] Matt Groening later told Empire that the idea never "got further than enthusiasm" but that "it would have been really fun."[13]
Hartman was cast before his death as Zapp Brannigan in Matt Groening's Futurama. Billy West took over the role, and based his vocal performance on Hartman's characterizations, particularly McClure.[14]
Despite being retired, he is pictured in "The Simpsons Guy".
He also appears in a pixel art form in the opening sequence made for "My Fare Lady".
Cultural influence and legacy[]
In a 2006 article IGN.com ranked McClure in first position on their list of the "Top 25 Simpsons Peripheral Characters", citing that he is "a wonderfully bizarre and entertaining character that showcases the best of what small roles on The Simpsons can be."[15] In his book Planet Simpson, Chris Turner describes McClure in detail citing that he, along with Lionel Hutz, "represent the most significant contribution to the show outside its permanent cast" and that "the show's Golden Age is hard to imagine without them". McClure became the perfect portrayal of a media stereotype and a "gut-achingly funny reinterpretation" of a character type that had been "done to death".[16] Adam Finley named Phil Hartman one of the five best guest stars on The Simpsons, saying that McClure was "responsible for some of the funniest moments in Simpsons history."[17] Star News Online named Hartman as one of the four hundred reasons why they loved The Simpsons, adding that they missed McClure.[18] The Observer listed McClure educational films Smoke Yourself Thin; Get Confident, Stupid!; Firecrackers: the Silent Killer and Fuzzy Bunny's Guide to You-know-what as part of their list of the three hundred reasons why they loved the show.[19]
McClure's most prominent episode, "A Fish Called Selma", is often regarded as one of the best episodes in the show's history, and is one of the top five favorites of the staff.[1] Entertainment Weekly placed the episode eighth on their top 25 The Simpsons episode list.[20] IGN.com named the episode the best of the seventh season, stating that it seemed the "obvious pick". They also called the Planet of the Apes musical, which McClure stars in, the best moment of the episode and "maybe even the whole show".[21] Associated Content also praised the musical, naming it the ninth best musical number in The Simpsons history.[22] McClure was made into an action figure as part of the World of Springfield toy line, and was released in the "Celebrity Series 1" wave.[23] He also features briefly in the video game Virtual Springfield, introducing the town of Springfield to the player.[24]
A recent book on Phil Hartman is entitled You Might Remember Me, after McClure's signature catch phrase that he introduces himself with.
Gallery[]
Trivia[]
- Ironically, Troy McClure bore some physical resemblance to actress Jane Fonda's son Troy Garity. Fonda would later guest star as Maxine Lombard, a councilwoman who had a sex affair with Mr. Burns, in the season 26 episode "Opposites A-Frack".
- In the original version of the "Treehouse of Horror IX" segment "Hell-Toupée", McClure was supposed to host Snake Jailbird's execution instead of Ed McMahon. After Hartman's death, his part was replaced out of respect.
- For unknown reasons, on the Spanish dub the first time he appeared, he was named Gregory Perkins. [25]
- Although McClure and Hutz disappeared from the show due to Phil Hartman's death, there was no in-universe explanation for what happened to McClure post-Season 10. He was depicted as being alive in "Moe Baby Blues", "Bart-Mangled Banner", and even The Simpsons Movie, but he has been absent from the show's HD-era (mid-Season 20 onward) aside from rare photographs, a non-canon appearance as a severed head in "The Serfsons", and a cameo in the 750 Characters couch gag in "Homer's Adventures Through the Windshield Glass" (where Hutz can also be spotted). Some possible reasons for his disappearance include
- Troy fully retired from the entertainment industry and left Springfield once for all.
- An off-screen scandal could have occurred that destroyed his reputation and sent him into hiding, possibly linked to zoophilia again (as he was notorious for an attraction to fish).
- Troy's career was already dead since the beginning of the series, only appearing in short videos and commercials. He could have merely faded back into obscurity for good. This could make sense given how he is no longer mentioned as a part of Springfield's entertainment industry (with Krusty the Clown, Kent Brockman, and even the late Bleeding Gums Murphy gaining more prominence).
- There is also the possibility that McClure passed away, with either the Springfield residents being completely unaware, or they held his funeral service and mourning period off-screen, akin to Edna Krabappel.
Appearances[]
- Episode – "Homer vs. Lisa and the 8th Commandment"
- Episode – "Bart's Dog Gets an F"
- Episode – "Mr. Lisa Goes to Washington"
- Episode – "Bart the Murderer"
- Episode – "Treehouse of Horror II"
- Episode – "Saturdays of Thunder"
- Episode – "Flaming Moe's"
- Episode – "Radio Bart"
- Episode – "Lisa the Greek"
- Episode – "Homer Alone"
- Episode – "Bart's Friend Falls in Love"
- Episode – "A Streetcar Named Marge"
- Episode – "Marge Gets a Job"
- Episode – "New Kid on the Block"
- Episode – "Mr. Plow"
- Episode – "Selma's Choice"
- Episode – "Duffless"
- Episode – "Marge in Chains"
- Episode – "Krusty Gets Kancelled"
- Episode – "Marge on the Lam"
- Episode – "Bart's Inner Child"
- Episode – "$pringfield (Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling)"
- Episode – "Burns' Heir"
- Episode – "The Boy Who Knew Too Much"
- Episode – "Lady Bouvier's Lover"
- Episode – "Secrets of a Successful Marriage"
- Episode – "Grampa vs. Sexual Inadequacy"
- Episode – "Lisa's Wedding"
- Episode – "Radioactive Man"
- Episode – "Lisa the Vegetarian"
- Episode – "The Simpsons 138th Episode Spectacular"
- Episode – "Marge Be Not Proud"
- Episode – "Bart the Fink"
- Episode – "Lisa the Iconoclast"
- Episode – "A Fish Called Selma"
- Episode – "Bart the Fink"
- Episode – "Hurricane Neddy"
- Episode – "The Itchy & Scratchy & Poochie Show"
- Episode – "The Simpsons Spin-Off Showcase"
- Episode – "The Joy of Sect"
- Episode – "Das Bus"
- Episode – "Lisa the Simpson"
- Episode – "This Little Wiggy"
- Episode – "The Trouble with Trillions"
- Episode – "Bart the Mother" (final speaking appearance)
- Episode – "Gump Roast" (archive footage)
- Episode – "Moe Baby Blues" (cameo)
- Episode – "Bart-Mangled Banner" (cameo)
- Episode – "Rome-Old and Julie-Eh" (mentioned)
- Episode – "Take My Life, Please" (Plaque on the Springfield Wall of Fame)
- Episode – "The Clown Stays in the Picture" (picture)
- Special – "The Simpsons Guy" (picture)
- Episode – "My Fare Lady" (Opening Sequence)
- Episode – "The Serfsons" (severed head)
- Special – "The Simpsons Take the Bowl" (archive footage)
- Special – "Planet of the Couches couch gag" (picture)
- Cry of the Space Mutant (mentioned)
- Maggie's Excellent Adventure
- The Official Cockamamie's Mail-Order "Cult-alog" of Cool Pop-Cultural Collectibles!
- Community Theater (picture)
- Comic book – The Amazing Colossal Homer
- Comic book – When Bongos Collide Part 2
- Comic book – Be-bop-a-Lisa
- Comic book – The Greatest D'oh On Earth
- Comic book – The Purple Prose of Springfield
- Comic book – Survival of the Fattest
- Comic book – Get Off The Bus
- Comic book – The Geek Shall Inherit the Earth
- Comic book – Bart Simpson and the Krusty Brand Factory
- Comic book – The Simpson Spin Off Showcase 2
- Comic book – You'd Better Sloth Around
- Comic book – Bartman Meets Radioactive Man
- Comic book – The Comic Cover Caper!
- Comic book – McBain Comics: Dead to the Last Drop
Video game – The Simpsons: Virtual Springfield
Video game – The Simpsons Road Rage
The Simpsons: Season Two | ||||
"Bart Gets an "F"": | "Simpson and Delilah": | "Treehouse of Horror": | "Two Cars in Every Garage and Three Eyes on Every Fish": | "Dancin' Homer": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
"Dead Putting Society": | "Bart vs. Thanksgiving": | "Bart the Daredevil": | "Itchy & Scratchy & Marge": | "Bart Gets Hit by a Car": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
"One Fish, Two Fish, Blowfish, Blue Fish": | "The Way We Was": | "Homer vs. Lisa and the 8th Commandment": | "Principal Charming": | "Oh Brother, Where Art Thou?": |
Absent | Absent | Minor | Absent | Absent |
"Bart's Dog Gets an F": | "Old Money": | "Brush with Greatness": | "Lisa's Substitute": | "The War of the Simpsons": |
Minor | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
"Three Men and a Comic Book": | "Blood Feud": | |||
Absent | Absent |
The Simpsons: Season Three | ||||
"Stark Raving Dad": | "Mr. Lisa Goes to Washington": | "When Flanders Failed": | "Bart the Murderer": | "Homer Defined": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Minor | Absent |
"Like Father, Like Clown": | "Treehouse of Horror II": | "Lisa's Pony": | "Saturdays of Thunder": | "Flaming Moe's": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Minor | Absent |
"Burns Verkaufen der Kraftwerk": | "I Married Marge": | "Radio Bart": | "Lisa the Greek": | "Homer Alone": |
Absent | Absent | Cameo | Absent | Minor |
"Bart the Lover": | "Homer at the Bat": | "Separate Vocations": | "Dog of Death": | "Colonel Homer": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
"Black Widower": | "The Otto Show": | "Bart's Friend Falls in Love": | "Brother, Can You Spare Two Dimes?": | |
Absent | Absent | Minor | Absent |
The Simpsons: Season Four | ||||
"Kamp Krusty": | "A Streetcar Named Marge": | "Homer the Heretic": | "Lisa the Beauty Queen": | "Treehouse of Horror III": |
Absent | Minor | Absent | Absent | Absent |
"Itchy & Scratchy: The Movie": | "Marge Gets a Job": | "New Kid on the Block": | "Mr. Plow": | "Lisa's First Word": |
Absent | Minor | Absent | Minor | Absent |
"Homer's Triple Bypass": | "Marge vs. the Monorail": | "Selma's Choice": | "Brother from the Same Planet": | "I Love Lisa": |
Absent | Absent | Cameo | Absent | Absent |
"Duffless": | "Last Exit to Springfield": | "So It's Come to This: A Simpsons Clip Show": | "The Front": | "Whacking Day": |
Minor | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
"Marge in Chains": | "Krusty Gets Kancelled": | |||
Minor | Cameo |
The Simpsons: Season Five | ||||
"Homer's Barbershop Quartet": | "Cape Feare": | "Homer Goes to College": | "Rosebud": | "Treehouse of Horror IV": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
"Marge on the Lam": | "Bart's Inner Child": | "Boy-Scoutz 'n the Hood": | "The Last Temptation of Homer": | "$pringfield (Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling)": |
Minor | Minor | Absent | Absent | Cameo |
"Homer the Vigilante": | "Bart Gets Famous": | "Homer and Apu": | "Lisa vs. Malibu Stacy": | "Deep Space Homer": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
"Homer Loves Flanders": | "Bart Gets an Elephant": | "Burns' Heir": | "Sweet Seymour Skinner's Baadasssss Song": | "The Boy Who Knew Too Much": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
"Lady Bouvier's Lover": | "Secrets of a Successful Marriage": | |||
Minor | Absent |
The Simpsons: Season Six | ||||
"Bart of Darkness": | "Lisa's Rival": | "Another Simpsons Clip Show": | "Itchy & Scratchy Land": | "Sideshow Bob Roberts": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
"Treehouse of Horror V": | "Bart's Girlfriend": | "Lisa on Ice": | "Homer Badman": | "Grampa vs. Sexual Inadequacy": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent | Minor |
"Fear of Flying": | "Homer the Great": | "And Maggie Makes Three": | "Bart's Comet": | "Homie the Clown": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
"Bart vs. Australia": | "Homer vs. Patty and Selma": | "A Star is Burns": | "Lisa's Wedding": | "Two Dozen and One Greyhounds": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Minor | Absent |
"The PTA Disbands": | "'Round Springfield": | "The Springfield Connection": | "Lemon of Troy": | "Who Shot Mr. Burns? (Part One)": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
The Simpsons: Season Seven | ||||
"Who Shot Mr. Burns? (Part Two)": | "Radioactive Man": | "Home Sweet Homediddly-Dum-Doodily": | "Bart Sells His Soul": | "Lisa the Vegetarian": |
Absent | Cameo | Absent | Absent | Minor |
"Treehouse of Horror VI": | "King-Size Homer": | "Mother Simpson": | "Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming": | "The Simpsons 138th Episode Spectacular": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent | Major |
"Marge Be Not Proud": | "Team Homer": | "Two Bad Neighbors": | "Scenes from the Class Struggle in Springfield": | "Bart the Fink": |
Minor | Absent | Absent | Absent | Minor |
"Lisa The Iconoclast": | "Homer The Smithers": | "The Day The Violence Died": | "A Fish Called Selma": | "Bart on the Road": |
Minor | Absent | Absent | Major | Absent |
"22 Short Films About Springfield": | "Raging Abe Simpson and His Grumbling Grandson in "The Curse of the Flying Hellfish"": | "Much Apu About Nothing": | "Homerpalooza": | "Summer of 4 Ft. 2": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
The Simpsons: Season Eight | ||||
"Treehouse of Horror VII": | "You Only Move Twice": | "The Homer They Fall": | "Burns, Baby Burns": | "Bart After Dark": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
"A Milhouse Divided": | "Lisa's Date with Density": | "Hurricane Neddy": | "El Viaje Misterioso de Nuestro Jomer (The Mysterious Voyage of Homer)": | "The Springfield Files": |
Absent | Absent | Cameo | Absent | Absent |
"The Twisted World of Marge Simpson": | "Mountain of Madness": | "Simpsoncalifragilisticexpiala(Annoyed Grunt)cious": | "The Itchy & Scratchy & Poochie Show": | "Homer's Phobia": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Minor | Absent |
"Brother from Another Series": | "My Sister, My Sitter": | "Homer vs. the Eighteenth Amendment": | "Grade School Confidential": | "The Canine Mutiny": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
"The Old Man and the Lisa": | "In Marge We Trust": | "Homer's Enemy": | "The Simpsons Spin-Off Showcase": | "The Secret War of Lisa Simpson": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Major | Absent |
The Simpsons: Season Nine | ||||
"The City of New York vs. Homer Simpson": | "The Principal and the Pauper": | "Lisa's Sax": | "Treehouse of Horror VIII": | "The Cartridge Family": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
"Bart Star": | "The Two Mrs. Nahasapeemapetilons": | "Lisa the Skeptic": | "Realty Bites": | "Miracle on Evergreen Terrace": |
Cameo | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
"All Singing, All Dancing": | "Bart Carny": | "The Joy of Sect": | "Das Bus": | "The Last Temptation of Krust": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Minor | Absent |
"Dumbbell Indemnity": | "Lisa the Simpson": | "This Little Wiggy": | "Simpson Tide": | "The Trouble with Trillions": |
Absent | Minor | Minor | Absent | Cameo |
"Girly Edition": | "Trash of the Titans": | "King of the Hill": | "Lost Our Lisa": | "Natural Born Kissers": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
The Simpsons: Season Ten | ||||
"Lard of the Dance": | "The Wizard of Evergreen Terrace": | "Bart the Mother": | "Treehouse of Horror IX": | "When You Dish Upon a Star": |
Absent | Absent | Minor | Absent | Absent |
"D'oh-in' in the Wind": | "Lisa Gets an "A"": | "Homer Simpson in: "Kidney Trouble"": | "Mayored to the Mob": | "Viva Ned Flanders": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
"Wild Barts Can't Be Broken": | "Sunday, Cruddy Sunday": | "Homer to the Max": | "I'm with Cupid": | "Marge Simpson in: "Screaming Yellow Honkers"": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
"Make Room for Lisa": | "Maximum Homerdrive": | "Simpsons Bible Stories": | "Mom and Pop Art": | "The Old Man and the "C" Student": |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
"Monty Can't Buy Me Love": | "They Saved Lisa's Brain": | "Thirty Minutes Over Tokyo": | ||
Absent | Absent | Absent |
Citations[]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Weinstein, Josh; Oakley, Bill; Silverman, David; Goldblum, Jeff. (2006). The Simpsons The Complete Seventh Season DVD commentary for the episode "A Fish Called Selma" [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
- ↑ "Lisa the Vegetarian". Cohen, David; Kirkland, Mark; Mirkin, David. The Simpsons. Fox. 1995-10-15. No. 133, season 7.
- ↑ "Lisa the Simpson". Goldreyer, Ned; Dietter, Susie; Oakley, Bill; Weinstein, Josh; Reardon, Jim; Reiss, Mike; Jean, Al. The Simpsons. Fox. 1998-03-08. No. 195, season 9.
- ↑ "Marge in Chains". Oakley, Bill; Weinstein, Josh. The Simpsons. Fox. 1993-05-06. No. 80, season 4.
- ↑ "A Fish Called Selma". Barth, Jack; Kirkland, Mark; Weinstein, Josh; Oakley, Bill. The Simpsons. Fox. 1996-03-24. No. 147, season 7.
- ↑ "The Simpsons 138th Episode Spectacular". Vitti, John; Silverman, David; Oakley, Bill; Weinstein, Josh. The Simpsons. Fox. 1995-12-03. No. 138, season 7.
- ↑ "The Simpsons Spin-Off Showcase". Cohen, David; Greaney, Dan; Tompkins, Steve; Affleck, Neil; Oakley, Bill; Weinstein, Josh. The Simpsons. Fox. 1995-12-03. No. 138, season 7.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Template:Cite interview
- ↑ Weinstein, Josh. (2006). The Simpsons The Complete Seventh Season DVD commentary for the episode "The Simpsons 138th Episode Spectacular" [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
- ↑ Simon Jeffery. "Fish porn", The Guardian,. Retrieved on 2007-06-08.
- ↑ "Phil Hartman, wife die in apparent murder-suicide", CNN,. Retrieved on 2007-06-08.
- ↑ Oakley, Bill. (2006). The Simpsons The Complete Seventh Season DVD commentary for the episode "Homerpalooza" [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
- ↑ Olly Richards. "Life In Development Hell", Empire,, pp. 76. Retrieved on 2007-06-08.
- ↑ Joel Keller (2006-06-15). Billy West: The TV Squad Interview. TV Squad.com. Retrieved on 2007-06-09.
- ↑ Eric Goldman, Dan Iverson, Brian Zoromski (2006-09-06). Top 25 Simpsons Peripheral Characters. IGN.com. Retrieved on 2007-06-08.
- ↑ Template:Cite book
- ↑ Adam Finley (2006-06-20). The Five: Great Simpsons guest stars. TV Squad. Retrieved on 2007-06-23.
- ↑ Jeff Hidek. "400 reasons we love 'The Simpsons'", Star News Online{{{date}}}. Retrieved on 2007-08-03.
- ↑ Euan Ferguson. "300 reasons why we love The Simpsons",. Retrieved on 2007-08-03.
- ↑ The Family Dynamic. Entertainment Weekly (2003-01-29). Retrieved on 2007-06-09.
- ↑ Goldman, Eric; Dan Iverson, Brian Zoromski (2006-09-08). The Simpsons: 17 Seasons, 17 Episodes. IGN. Retrieved on 2007-06-09.
- ↑ Sexton, Timothy (2006-05-23). Top Eleven Simpsons Musical Numbers. Associated Content. Archived from the original on 2013-06-17. Retrieved on 2007-06-09.
- ↑ Troy McClure. Simpsons Collectors. Retrieved on 2007-06-08.
- ↑ Joe Toledo. "Mmmmmm...A Virtual Travel Guide: Virtual Springfield", Animation World Network,. Retrieved on 2007-06-09.
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5pMF6LK2Y0
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Rainier Wolfcastle | Troy McClure | Declan Desmond |